RF Region

RF stands for ‘radio frequency’, which describes electromagnetic (light) waves that are longer, or redder, than the light you see with your eyes.  RF waves can be used to push charge particles around making them go faster, or slower. In the ring the RF makes sure that protons that are too fast slow down, and protons that are too slow speed up keeping all the stored particles bunched together. 

RF Power Station

Consists of a RF Amplifier and Cavity working together to keep the proton beam organized and on time.

RF Power Amplifier

Acts like a powerful radio transmitter, generating the energy needed to run the beam-control systems that manage the protons as they circulate in the ring. 

RF Cavity

Use that energy to create electric fields that gently group the protons into tight bunches and keep them moving in the right pattern, so they can be delivered efficiently and safely to the neutron-producing target. 

Quadrupole Magnet Assembly

The quadrupole magnet assemblies in the FODO line of the Spallation Neutron Source provide alternating focusing and defocusing forces that confine and shape the charged particle beam. Arranged in a Focus–Drift–Defocus–Drift (FODO) pattern, they maintain beam stability, control beam size, and preserve beam quality as the particles are transported efficiently along the accelerator.

Vacuum System: Removes air from inside the ring so the protons can travel through near-empty space. This prevents the beam from colliding with air molecules, helping it move smoothly, efficiently, and safely.

Beam Transport Pipe: The sealed metal pathway that guides the proton beam around the ring and toward the target. It keeps the beam contained and properly aligned as it travels at extremely high speed.

Full Instructions for RF Region

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